Safe with sex toys: how to prevent an STI

Sex toys bring variety, pleasure, and intimacy—whether used alone or with a partner. But what many people don’t know: even without direct bodily contact, sharing sex toys can lead to the transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). In this blog, you’ll learn how transmission can occur, which infections may be involved, and how to protect yourself when using sex toys. An important topic for anyone who wants to live their sexuality consciously and responsibly.

Table of contents

• What are sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?
• How can an STI be transmitted through sex toys?
• Which STIs can be transmitted through shared sex toys?
• How can you protect yourself from STIs when using sex toys?
• What should you do if you think you’ve been infected?

What are sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are mainly transmitted through unprotected sexual contact—including vaginal, oral, and anal sex. Well-known STIs include chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis, herpes, HPV, and HIV. But what many don’t know: these pathogens can also be transmitted via shared sex toys (Cleveland Clinic, 2023; NHS, 2022).

How can an STI be transmitted through sex toys?

If a sex toy—such as a vibrator, dildo, or anal plug—is used by multiple people without being thoroughly cleaned in between or covered with a new condom, pathogens like bacteria or viruses can remain on the toy. These pathogens may be found in vaginal fluids, semen, blood, or anal secretions. If the contaminated toy is then used on another person, the pathogens can enter their body through mucous membranes or small injuries and cause an infection.

It’s important to note: any object used during sexual activity can be considered a sex toy—regardless of whether it was originally designed for that purpose (NHS, 2022).

Examples of possible transmission routes:

Which STIs can be transmitted through shared sex toys?

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can be transmitted not only through direct sexual contact but also through the shared use of sex toys—especially when these toys are not cleaned or protected with a condom. Pathogens can remain on the surface of the toy. The most common infections that can be transmitted this way include:

• Chlamydia: Transmitted through contact with vaginal or anal secretions on the toy.

• Gonorrhoea: Can be transmitted through infectious secretions that come into contact with mucous membranes in the urethra, throat, anus, or genitals.

• Syphilis: Can be passed on through contact with infected skin or mucous membrane lesions.

• HPV (human papillomavirus): Can spread through smearing infection, especially with mucosal contact via shared toys.

• Genital herpes: Transmittable through virus-containing skin areas or blisters—even when no symptoms are visible.

• HIV: Transmission via toys is rare but possible in cases involving blood, such as during anal use.

Source: Cleveland Clinic, 2024
Note: Although the likelihood of transmission varies depending on the pathogen, the risk can be significantly reduced through proper hygiene and protection measures.

How can you protect yourself from STIs when using sex toys?

To prevent the transmission of sexually transmitted infections, follow these safety guidelines:

✓ Clean every sex toy thoroughly after each use—ideally with warm water and a special toy cleaner.
✓ Use a fresh condom over the toy if sharing it with someone else or switching between different body areas (e.g., from anal to vaginal use).
✓ Avoid sharing toys, especially if they are made from porous or hard-to-clean materials.
✓ Get tested regularly for STIs, especially if you have multiple sexual partners.
✓ Choose high-quality materials: Toys made from silicone, glass, or stainless steel are more hygienic and easier to clean than jelly or uncoated latex products.

Source: Kassel, 2020

How to clean sex toys by material?

What should you do if you think you’ve been infected?

If you notice symptoms such as burning during urination, unusual discharge, itching, or skin changes after using shared sex toys—or if you just want to be sure—an STI test is recommended. Many infections go unnoticed at first but can lead to serious health issues if left untreated or may be unknowingly passed on to others.

With STI home tests from Homed-IQ, you can test yourself discreetly, safely, and conveniently from home. Your sample is analyzed in a certified laboratory, and you’ll receive your results quickly and confidentially online.